![]() Nowadays the anthrax has disappeared from our landscape thanks to the preventive inoculation and to the industrial use of the animal cadavers. ![]() Shearers, stockmen, and veterinarians, as well as other agricultural workers exposed to hides or raw wool have a slightly increased risk for anthrax exposure. The statistics concerning the anthrax in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg compared to the geological and pedological structures of the soil, have fully confirmed the scientific findings at the end of the 19th century. People usually get anthrax through handling a dead or sick animal infected with anthrax or eating the meat from infected animals. ![]() Thanks to Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) in France and Robert Koch (1843-1910) in Germany, the anthrax could be identified with a soil-disease between 18. Many studies of the endemic anthrax were made from the beginning of the second half of the 19th century. The author tries to follow step by step the evolution of the ideas concerning the origin and the pathology as well as of the veterinarians measures against this disease during the 19th and 20th centuries. Anthrax can occur in humans exposed to infected animals or tissues such as hides or fur. In humans, anthrax occurs as a cutaneous, pulmonary, or intestinal. Infection may lead to death from respiratory or cardiac complications (within 12 days if acute), or the animal may recover. This bacterium needs plenty of oxygen to procreate and to produce resistant spores, which remains viable in the soil during 3.5 years, at times during 15-20 years. Vaccinating livestock will further reduce the risk of exposure to infected animals and animal hides check with a licensed veterinarian regarding animal. A disease chiefly of herbivores, the infection may be acquired by persons handling the wool, hair, hides, bones, or carcasses of affected animals. Anthrax is an infectious disease of herbivores, especially sheep and cattle, but also of horses, of pigs, of dogs, of wild animals and of humans.
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